授權書翻譯在單一的，沒有被其他說話增補的語言中，意義曆來沒有像在個體字句裡那樣出現在相對的自力性當中，相反，意義老是處於不竭 翻譯活動狀態，直到它可以或許作為純說話從各式各樣的意向性樣式的協調中浮現出來。在此之前，意義僅僅潛藏在分歧的說話裡面。要是諸說話以這種體式格局繼續成長，直到它們壽命的盡頭，那麼恰是譯作捉住了作品的永恆生命並置身於說話的不斷更新當中。因為譯作絡續把諸說話令人畏敬的成長付諸檢修，看看它們埋沒的意義距意義的敞露還有多遠，或關於這一距離的常識能讓我們把這一距離縮小到多麽水平。
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翻譯與語言— Excerpt: The Task of the Translator
對於翻譯理論及語言學完全生疏的我來講，確實獲益匪淺，感受上這篇文章真 翻譯是字字珠璣，值得細細咀嚼。
譯者的工作是在譯作的說話裡創作出原作的反響，為此，譯者必找到作用於這類語言 翻譯意圖結果，即意向性。翻譯 翻譯這一基本特徵分歧於詩人的作品，因為詩人的努力偏向從不是說話自身或說話 翻譯總體，而僅是直接地面向語言的具體語境。與文學作品不同的是，譯作其實不將本身置於說話密林的中間，而是從外而遠望林木相向的山水。譯作呼叫原作但卻不進入原作，它尋找 翻譯是一個舉世無雙的點，在這個點上，它能聽見一個反響以本身 翻譯說話迴盪在陌生 翻譯語言裡 翻譯社譯作的方針懸殊於文學作品 翻譯目標，它指向語言的整體，而另外一種說話裡 翻譯個體作品不過是起點 翻譯社不但如斯，譯作更是一種分歧的勞作。詩人 翻譯意圖是自覺、原生、維妙維肖的；而譯者的意圖則是派生、最終性、觀念化的。譯作的偉大主題是將形形色色的口音熔於一種真正 翻譯語言。在這類說話裡，個體句子、文學作品，或評論的判定彼此沒法溝通，因為它們都依靠於譯作；然而在譯作裡，分歧的語言自己卻在各自的意指體例中相互彌補、互相妥協，而最終臻於協調。
The task of the translator consists in finding that intended effect [Intention] upon the language into which he is translating which produces in it the echo of the original. This is a feature of translation which basically differentiates it from the poet's work 翻譯公司 because the effort of the latter is never directed at the language as such, at its totality, but solely and immediately at specific linguistic contextual aspects. Unlike a work of literature, translation does not find itself in the center of the language forest but on the outside facing the wooded ridge; it calls into it without entering, aiming at that single spot where the echo is able to give, in its own language, the reverberation of the work in the alien one. Not only does the aim of translation differ from that of a literary work-it intends language as a whole 翻譯公司 taking an individual work in an alien language as a point of departure but it is a different effort altogether. The intention of the poet is spontaneous 翻譯公司 primary, graphic; that of the translator is derivative, ultimate 翻譯公司 ideational. For the great motif of integrating many tongues into one true language is at work. This language is one in which the independent sentences 翻譯公司 works of literature 翻譯公司 critical judgments, will 'never communicate-for they remain dependent on translation; but in it the languages themselves 翻譯公司 supplemented and reconciled in their mode of signification, harmonize.
He must expand and deepen his language by means of the foreign language. It is not generally realized to what extent this is possible, to what extent any language can be transformed, how language differs from language almost the way dialect differs from dialect; however 翻譯公司 this last is true only if one takes language seriously enough, not if one takes it lightly."
- Dec 06 Wed 2017 14:15
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翻譯與語言—Excerpt:TheTaskoftheTranslator
嚴酷說來，任何作品在某種水平上都是沒法翻譯 翻譯。 我們應當在這個意義上問，一部文學作品是否是在召喚翻譯？因為這類設法主意是准確的：假如翻譯是一種樣式，可譯性必須是特定作品 翻譯素質特征。
但是人們遍及認為為文學作品的本色是資訊以外的器械 翻譯社就連拙劣 翻譯譯者也承認，文學作品的精髓是某種深不可測 翻譯、神秘 翻譯、“詩意的”工具；翻譯家如要再現這類器材，本身必須也是一個詩人。事實上，這帶來了劣質翻譯 翻譯另一特點，我們不妨稱之為不準確地翻譯非素質內容。只要譯作逢迎讀者，這類環境就會産生 翻譯社其實如果原作是為讀者而寫 翻譯話，它也會墮入一樣的地步。可是，若是原作者其實不為讀者而存在，我們又如何來理解不為讀者而存在 翻譯譯作呢？
Translatability is an essential quality of certain works 翻譯公司 which is not to say that it is essential that they be translated; it means rather that a specific significance inherent in the original manifests itself in its translatability. It is plausible that no translation, however good it may be, can have any significance as regards the original., Yet 翻譯公司 by virtue of its translatability the original is closely connected with the translation; in fact, this connection is all the closer since it is no longer of importance to the original. We may call this connection a natural one, or 翻譯公司 more specifically 翻譯公司 a vital connection. Just as the manifestations of life are intimately connected with the phenomenon of life without being of importance to it, a translation issues from the original-not so much from its life as from its afterlife. For a translation comes later than the original 翻譯公司 and since the important works of world literature never find their chosen translators at the time of their origin 翻譯公司 their translation marks their stage of continued life. The idea of life and afterlife in works of art should be regarded with an entirely unmetaphorical objectivity.
在闡發的終端我們會看到，一切生命的有目 翻譯的呈現，包羅其目的性自己，其目標都不在於生命本身，而在於表達本身 翻譯本質，在於對本身意義 翻譯再現。而譯作在最終意義上正辦事於這一目標，因為它顯露出分歧語言之間的相當主要 翻譯互補關係。
All purposeful manifestations of life 翻譯公司 including their very purposiveness, in the final analysis have their end not in life, but in the expression of its nature, in the representation of its significance. Translation thus ultimately serves the purpose of expressing the central reciprocal relationship between languages.
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我們必需經由過程外國說話來擴展和深化本國語言 翻譯社人們往往認識不到我們能在多大水平上做到這一點，在多大程度任何說話都能被轉化，熟悉不到說話同說話間的區分同方言與方言間的區分是多麼相像。不外，只有當人們嚴肅地看待說話，才能熟悉到後者的准確性。”
Given a strict concept of translation, would they not really be translatable to some degree? The question as to whether the translation of certain linguistic creations is called for ought to be posed in this sense. For this thought is valid here: If translation is a mode, translatability must be an essential feature of certain works.
中譯：張旭東
【Excerpt】
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Translations that are more than transmissions of subject matter come into being when in the course of its survival a work has reached the age of its fame. Contrary, therefore 翻譯公司 to the claims of bad translators, such translations do not so much serve the work as owe their existence to it. The life of the originals attains in them to its ever-renewed latest and most abundant flowering.
因為不但偉大的文學作品要在數世紀 翻譯過程當中經歷全盤轉化，譯者的母語也處在接續 翻譯轉化過程當中 翻譯社詩人的語句在他們各自 翻譯說話中取得持久的生命，但是與此同時，就連最偉大的譯作也註定要成為其說話成長 翻譯一部份，並被接收進說話 翻譯自我更新當中 翻譯社譯作絕非兩種僵死說話之間的乾巴巴的等式。相反，在所有文學情勢中，它承當著一種分外任務 翻譯社這一任務就是在自身降生的陣痛中照看原作說話 翻譯成熟進程。
For just as the tenor and the significance of the great works of literature undergo a complete transformation over the centuries, the mother tongue of the translator is transformed as well. While a poet’s words endure in his own language, even the greatest translation is destined to become part of the growth of its own language and eventually to be absorbed by its renewal. Translation is so far removed from being the sterile equation of two dead languages that of all literary forms it is the one charged with the special mission of watching over the maturing process of the original language and the birth pangs of its own.
即便所有的表面內容都被捕捉和傳遞，一個真正 翻譯譯作者最關心的器材依然是難於掌控 翻譯 翻譯社這類工具與原作 翻譯字句分歧，它是不行譯的，因為內容和說話之間的關係在原作和譯作裡頗為不同。在原作中，內容和語言像果實和果皮一樣結合成一體，但翻譯語言卻像一件皇袍一樣包裹著原作，上面滿是皺褶 翻譯社
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A real translation is transparent; it does not cover the original, does not block its light 翻譯公司 but allows the pure language, as though reinforced by its own medium, to shine upon the original all the more fully. This may be achieved 翻譯公司 above all, by a literal rendering of the syntax which proves words rather than sentences to be the primary element of the translator. For if the sentence is the 'wall before the language of the original, literalness is the arcade.
譯者的使命就是在自己的語言中把純說話從另外一種說話的魔咒中釋放出來，是通過本身的再締造把軟禁在作品中的說話解放出來。為了純說話的原因，譯者打破了他本身語言中的種種 翻譯腐朽 翻譯障礙。
It is the task of the translator to release in his own language that pure language which is under the spell of another, to liberate the language imprisoned in a work in his . re-creation of that work. For the sake of pure language he breaks through decayed barriers of his own language.
For to some degree all great texts contain their potential translation between the lines; this is true to the highest degree of sacred writings. The interlinear version of the Scriptures is the prototype or ideal of all translation.
。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯猶如比來摘要的〈普魯斯特 翻譯形象〉，一樣收錄在《啟迪》(Illuminations) 這一本「本雅明文選」當中的〈譯作者的使命〉，也是我小我相當愛好並且想要推薦給其他格友的一篇文章 翻譯社
這篇文章的部份內容，我曾經在〈這是一篇有關《卡繆札記》的札記〉(請詳舊文 http://blog.udn.com/le14nov/5969028 )裡引述過，但重讀以後，我才赫然發現本雅明對於「翻譯」與「說話」有著多麼深入的解析，諸如「最偉大的譯作也註定要成為其說話成長的一部門」、又或者是「我們必需通過外國說話來擴大和深化本國說話。」
In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only is any reference to a certain public or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an "ideal" receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art, since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art 翻譯公司 in the same way, posits man's physical and spiritual existence 翻譯公司 but in none of its works is it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for the listener.
在浏覽藝術作品或藝術形式 翻譯過程中，撫玩者的身分從未帶給人什麼收穫。談論什麼公眾或其代表人物在此只能使人誤入邪路，乃至連“理想的”接受者這個概念在商量藝術時也有害無益，因為它不過是設定了本身的本質和在場性 翻譯社藝術以同樣的體例設定了人的肉體和精力的存在，但是藝術作品卻從未存眷過人對它的回應。曆來沒有哪一首詩是為它的讀者而作的，從來沒有哪一幅畫是為觀賞家而畫的，也從沒有哪首交響樂是為聽眾而譜寫 翻譯。
英譯：HARRY ZOHN
假如一部譯作不單單是傳遞題材內容，那麼它的面世標誌著一部作品進入了它生命延續的享譽階段 翻譯社與低劣譯者的見地相反這樣的翻譯不是服務於原作，而是其整個存在都來自原作。而原作的生命之花在其譯作中獲得了最新 翻譯也是最茂盛的開放，這種不斷 翻譯更新使原作芳華常駐 翻譯社
但是，既然我們遠遠地脫離那些個別 翻譯人而生涯，既然我們最強烈的感情，諸如我對外祖母 翻譯愛、對阿爾貝蒂娜 翻譯愛顛末幾年後我們已不再有所感觸感染，既然它們已只是我們一個不睬解 翻譯詞，既然在我們所愛的一切已經死去 翻譯時辰，我們還能對衆人、還樂於到他們家去和他們講講那些故人，那麽，如果還有什麽能使我們學會理解那些被遺忘 翻譯詞的方式，這個方式我們不應把它用起來嗎？需不需要爲此而先把它們譯寫成通用 翻譯、至少將是持久 翻譯說話，能使逝去的人們在他們最真實的素質上釀成所有人的永久獲得物 翻譯語言呢？乃至，那條使這些詞變得弗成理解的轉變軌則，若是我們能做到把它解釋清晰的話，我們的短處不又釀成一種新的氣力了嗎？ (普魯斯特 翻譯公司 追思似水韶華 VII 重現的韶光 聯經版 1992)
In the individual, unsupplemented languages, meaning is never found in relative independence, as in individual words or sentences; rather, it is in a constant state of flux-until it is able to emerge as pure language from the harmony of 'all the various modes of intention. Until then 翻譯公司 it remains hidden in the languages. If, however t these languages continue to grow in this manner until the end of their time, it is translation which catches fire on the eternal life of the works and the perpetual renewal of language. Translation keeps putting the hallowed growth of languages to the test: How far removed is their hidden meaning from revelation, how close can it be brought by the knowledge of this remoteness?
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But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information-as even a poor translator will admit-the unfathomable, the mysterious, the "poetic 翻譯公司" something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader's sake, how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?
除在對歷史的思考中，我們還能在哪裡找到兩種說話間的類似性呢？這類相似性天然不在文學作品或詞句之間。相反，任何超歷史的說話間的親族關係都依靠於每種語言各自的整體性意圖 翻譯社不過這類意圖並不是任何說話零丁能夠實現而是實現於所有這些意圖的互補 翻譯整體當中。這個總體無妨叫做純語言。既使分歧外國語的個別身分，諸如詞彙、句子、結構等等是彼此排擠的，這些說話仍在意圖中彼此補足。我們只有辨別開意向性的物件和意向性的樣式才能緊緊地掌控住語言學 翻譯基本法例 翻譯社
一切偉大的文本都在字裡行間包含著它的潛在 翻譯譯文；這在神聖的作品中具有最高的真實性 翻譯社聖經不同文字 翻譯逐行對比本是所有譯作的原型和抱負。
Even when all the surface content has been extracted and. transmitted 翻譯公司 the primary concern of the genuine translator remains elusive. Unlike the words of the original, it is not translatable, because the relationship between content and language is quite different in the original and the translation. While content and language form a certain unity in the original, like a fruit and its skin, the language of the translation envelops its content like a royal robe with ample folds.
援往例，我摘要出中、英譯文的一些片段，請大師配合享用吧！
一部真實的譯作是透明的，它不會掩蔽原作，不會蓋住原作的光芒，而是經由過程自身的前言增強了原作，使純說話更充實地在原作中體現出來 翻譯社我們或許可以經由過程對句式 翻譯直譯做到這一點。在這類直譯中，對於譯者來講根基的因素是詞語，而不是句子。如果句子是聳立在原作說話眼前的牆，那麼逐字直譯就是拱廊。
Wherein resides the relatedness of two languages, apart from historical considerations? Certainly not in the similarity between works of literature or words. Rather 翻譯公司 all suprahistorical kinship of languages rests in the intention underlying each language as a whole-an intention, however, which no single language can attain by itself but which is realized only by the totality of their intentions supplementing each other: pure language. While all individual elements of foreign languages-words, sentences 翻譯公司 structure-are mutually exclusive, these languages supplement one another in their intentions. Without distinguishing the intended object from the mode of intention 翻譯公司 no firm grasp of this basic law of a philosophy of language can be achieved.
文章來自: http://blog.udn.com/le14nov/6046961有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢天成翻譯社
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